Organized crime refers to criminal activities that are carried out by well-structured, hierarchical criminal organizations. These groups typically engage in various illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, extortion, money laundering, and racketeering. Organized crime groups often operate across borders and have a strong presence in both local and international criminal networks. The structure of organized crime groups is typically characterized by a clear hierarchy, with distinct roles and responsibilities for members. These groups often use violence, intimidation, and corruption to maintain control of their illicit operations and protect their interests. Research in the area of organized crime focuses on understanding the inner workings of these criminal organizations, their motives, strategies, and impacts on society. Scholars study the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the formation and growth of organized crime groups, as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts to combat them. Additionally, researchers examine the connections between organized crime and other forms of criminal activity, such as terrorism and cybercrime.